Résumé
Entrepreneurship is proven as a medium in lifting an economic state of an individual or a community. It is also can be considered as an alternative area to be explored especially in the current situation where the world is affected by the pandemic of COVID-19 globally. It justifies the need to research this topic to leverage its benefits to various perspectives including the asnaf community. Unfortunately, despite its importance, limited studies have been found were conducted on entrepreneurship among asnaf community. Therefore, this research is initiating research on this topic by conducting a systematic literature review on the published works on entrepreneurship among asnaf community to explore the trend of the existing research works. A PRISMA approach is adapted to collect the relevant literature that is scoped only to the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. The result obtained from this research is expected will provide an overview of the trend of previously conducted research works on the entrepreneurship among asnaf community. Finally, it can be referred by a potential researcher in this topic to plan their future research. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Résumé
Introduction: Mucosal immunity, including secretory IgA plays a vital role in host defence against respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study aims to analyse salivary IgA in response to the COVID-19 vaccines such as BNT162b2, CoronaVac, and AZD1222 in convalescents (RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19) and naive subjects (non-infected COVID- 19) before receiving their second dose. Material(s) and Method(s): Saliva was collected in a sterile container, centrifuged and stored at -80 degreeC until analysis. Salivary IgA was detected using an Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (IgA) kit (Euroimun-Lubeck, Germany). Result(s) and Conclusion(s): The study involved 281 participants, with 145 convalescents and 136 naive subjects. Before receiving the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, 81.4%, 15.2%, and 3.4% of the 145 convalescents had positive, negative, and borderline results, respectively. Then, before receiving the second dose, 100% positive results were observed with the salivary IgA ratio median of 4.95, 2.71 and 3.32 among BNT162b2, CoronaVac and AZD1222, respectively. There was evidence of a difference in salivary IgA ratio between BNT162b2, AZD1222 and CoronaVac (p < 0.005). However, there was no evidence of a difference in salivary IgA ratio between CoronaVac and AZD1222. For naive subjects, 95.7%, 30.2% and 83.0% showed positive results before receiving the second dose of BNT162b2, CoronaVac and AZD1222, with the salivary IgA ratio median of 1.63, 0.74 and 1.43, respectively. There was evidence of a difference in saliva IgA ratio between BNT162b2 and CoronaVac as well as AZD1222 and CoronaVac (p < 0.005). However, no significant difference was observed between BNT162b2 and AZD1222. After the first dose of vaccination, the vaccines significantly increased the production of salivary IgA in convalescent compared to naive subjects.
Résumé
Recently, the Web-based learning (WBL) platform, particularly for higher education, has become more crucial due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, due to the increased use of WBL in higher education, an effective WBL interface design for higher education is truly important in order to attract students to use WBL and to further keep them engaged during learning via the Web-based platform. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the aesthetics of web interfaces based on experts’ opinions. This study adopted a quantitative research approach involving a data-gathering survey. Fifteen (15) WBL interfaces were designed based on nine (9) design principles which were balance, proportion, simplicity, alignment, movement, hierarchy, consistency, contrast, and proximity. The results of this study discovered that nine (9) WBL interfaces were determined by the experts as aesthetic interfaces, five (5) WBL interfaces as non-aesthetic and 1 (one) WBL interface was considered neither aesthetic nor non-aesthetic. This finding revealed that six (6) out of nine (9) interfaces had the balance design principle. However, balance was also in most non-aesthetic interfaces. A possible reason that balance was the most design principle in both the aesthetic and the non-aesthetic interfaces is that when designing WBL interfaces, there is a need to consider the combination of the design principles as a whole, and not count the design principles individually. In conclusion, this study's findings could contribute to the knowledge in the Human Computer Interaction domain, specifically in the interface design area. © 2021, Politeknik Negeri Padang. All rights reserved.